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Hiranyaksha belonged
to a family that would
cause Vishnu to incarnate
three times to destroy
his brother as well
as their great grandson,
and then the two demons
were reborn twice more
and each time Vishnu
had to deal with them
in some sort of eternal
cosmic ritual of incarnation.
The brothers are
supposed to be the famous
twin gatekeepers of
Vishnu's heaven, Jaya
and Vijaya, cursed to
fall from grace and
find salvation only
in opposition to Vishnu.
Enmity to the great
god would cause their
deaths at his hands,
which automatically
meant salvation. They
were first born as Hiranyaksha
and Hiranyakashipu,
the latter killed by
the Narasimha avatar.
Then they incarnated
as Ravana and Kumbhakarna,
both slain by Rama and
finally in the Mahabharatha
as the nonentities Shishuplala
and Dantavakra, duly
put away by Krishna.
The demons seem to be
some sort of universal
destabilizing principle,
which Vishnu had to
remove to restore equilibrium
in the universe. That
they are the gatekeepers,
guardians of the threshold
to Vishnu, sustainer
and integrative principle
of the universe, is
significant in mythological
terms. It is only by
passing through chaos
that you come to the
still center of the
universe.
Some texts take the
story of this incarnation
further. Bhoodevi, having
being embraced so long
by Vishnu in the rescue
became his wife by default,
there was no other resolution
to potentially outraged
proprieties. The result
of this union was Narkasura,
a great and mighty warrior
who lived for eons as
a righteous king but
finally went to the
bad, launched a campaign
of world conquest, and
had to be slain by Krishna.
As to the terrifying
psychological connotations
about such blatant patriarchal
homicide of an overachiever
son, India has always
been on the side of
the narcissistic impulses
of the parent. Narkasura
was 'wrong' in desiring
to so become prominent
when his 'father' was
still alive - and his
death is regarded as
just desserts, though
dressed up in pious
fatuities about liberation
by being slain by the
hand of god.
The
Shaiva texts added a
further spin on the
Varaha incarnation.
Having accomplished
his missions, Vishnu
decided to spend some
time in this new and
playful form. Alas,
he underestimated the
power of the brute consciousness
in reasserting itself
and he came to identify
himself with the Boar.
He met a beautiful sow
somewhere and they set
up house and had many
piglets. Shiva, seeing
the appalling degradation
of the great Vishnu,
attacked the boar and
flayed its pelt - upon
which the fully conscious
and awakened Vishnu
rose up in his remembered
glory. Shiva is the
embodiment of Pure Consciousness,
which is why as Nataraja
he dances in triumph
upon the demon Apasmara
- Amnesia. His restoring
Vishnu to full awareness,
by removing his covering
of amnesia, symbolized
by the hide of the boar,
is thus well in character
and psychologically
astute. Apart from an
obvious childish attempt
to assert the supremacy
of Shiva, the story
is insightful in the
perils of accessing
lower levels of consciousness.
They may become necessary
sometimes, to release
the great amounts of
strength needed for
fearful tasks, but if
persisted in, they devour
the higher faculties
of the mind and consciousness
- and man sinks back
to brute levels, literally
as content as a pig
in the mud. In some
versions, to drive home
this point with greater
intensity, it is Shiva
who incarnates as a
boar and Vishnu who
rescues him from porcine
happiness. There is
never any single version
of any myth in India.
The allegorical interpretations
of the entire myth have
always been very popular
with the more thoughtful
amongst the ancient
commentators. In this
point of view the entire
story is a recreation
in hyperbolic terms
of a massive Yagya,
a ritual intervention
made by the wise of
the earth when they
deem that sinfulness
has assumed threatening
stature. The body
of the Varaha is thus
a manifestation of the
Yagya itself. The
words used in eulogy
are very revealing in
that the writers of
the Bhagvata knew this
myth was not to be taken
solely at a literal
level.
"You alone exist, the
supreme condition of
being, Kesava, Lord
of the Universe. You
are the Purusha (Cosmic
Man and the first to
institute Yagya) of
the sacrifices; your
feet are the Vedas;
your tusks the stake
to which the sacrificial
offering is bound; your
teeth are the oblations;
mouth the altar; the
tongue is the fire and
the hairs of your body
are the sacrificial
grass. Your eyes, oh
omnipotent Lord, are
day and night, your
head the seat of Brahma,
your name is the content
of all the hymns of
the Vedas, your nostrils
are all the oblations.
The snout is the ladle
of sacrifice, the deep
voice the chanting of
the Sama-Veda, the massive
body the hall of sacrifice,
the joints the various
ceremonies; the ears
are the rites, both
compulsory and optional..."
and so on.
It is evident therefore
that the Varaha aspect
of Vishnu seemed to
tap into some deep reservoir
of the Hindu psyche
considering the immense
amounts of cultural
output it has engendered.
As said before the Varaha
was never worshipped,
the rendering of homage
to the avatars in themselves,
as distinct from Vishnu,
beginning with Narasimha
alone. Nevertheless
it remains a primal
myth of the Hindu imagination,
encompassing many of
its core concerns simultaneously.
Addendum
We have recently come
to know that there is
a small temple dedicated
to the Varaha Avatar
form of Vishnu in Simhachalam
which is near Vizag
town in Andhra Pradesh
state in India. At the
famous Tirupati Balaji
temple there is a convention
that the full fruits
of pilgrimage can be
gained only after visiting
the small shrine dedicated
to Varaha found over
there. The Varaha Avatar
is therefore still obviously
worshipped only in the
Andhra Pradesh area.
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